Food, besides religion, languange and folklore represents one of the main ethnic identity markers of the Turks and the Tatars.

Ethnicity, the history of the family or of the region, ocupational traditions of the two communities are partially reflected and kept through gastronomic habbits and traditions.

As well, food can reveal also about the common history of the Turks and the Tatars, about their common Turkish origins in Central Asia, about their common Ottoman history, which unites them through their belonging to Dobruja and Crimea, their land of origin, to the Ottoman Empire, and last but not least to the Muslim religion.

The recipies were collected by Sorina Asan and Nida Ablez, from the older female members of the two communities, inluding Mahinur Apostol, a former inhabitant of the island of Ada Kaleh, who brought from the island to Dobruja specific Turkish recipies. Some of the Turkish recipies belong to Nurgean Ibraim and to Nilgün Panaitescu and were published in a common cookbook.

The attached photos belong to the archive of the Union of Turks from Romania and of the Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars from Romania and were taken during food festivals and community events, organized during the past couple of years. The series of images is completed by photos taken by researchers from the Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea, during fieldvisits within the communities in Tulcea county.

Karnıyarık / Eggplants filled with meat

Ingredients:

500 gr ground meat, 4 eggplants, 2 onions, 3 tomatoes, one pepper, one bulb of garlic, parsley, salt, pepper, chili for decoration.

Instructions:

Wash the eggplants and clean in half, toss with salt and leave it to drain for about 30 minutes. Saute the chopped onion with the meat for about 15 minutes. Add the chopped pepper and tomatoes and season. After the eggplants drained, fry them on both sides on medium heat. Carrefully take out the middle, chop it and add it to the meat. Stir fry until the juice decreases. Put the remaining eggplants into a tray, sparkle the crushed garlic on the top of it and the meat. Decorate with slices of tomato and peppers. Ad a cup of water in the tray and put it in the owen for 25 minutes. Sprinkle parsley when serving

Gül böreğy / Rose pie.

Ingredients for the dough:

500 gr of flour, 2 eggs, one cup of water, half a cup of oil, a bit of salt, one spoon vinegar

Ingredients for the filling:

250 gr ground beef, one onion, 2 tablespoons of oil, salt, pepper, chili pepper

Instructions:

Add two tablespoons of oil in a pan, heat it and add the meat. When sauted, add the chopped onion and season it. Leave it to cool.

Mix In a bowl the sieved flour, the water, eggs, vinegar, oil and salt and knead it until you get a smooth dough. Cut the dough into little balls. Stretch them into thin sheets and add the filling. Roll the filled dough sheets to form a rose. Fill the roses with the tray and bake in the preheated owen at 175 degrees.

Sucuk (Ghiudem), specific recipe of the Turks from Ada Kaleh island

Mahinur Apostol, former inhabitant of the island.

Ingredients and instructions:

It is made ¾ part mutton, ¼ part calf. Chop the meat. Meanwhile put the bones to boil and prepare a broth seasoned with salt, red and chili pepper, garlic. The meat has to have suficcient grease. Pour the broth over the meat and leave it for the night. The next morning chop the meat again. The inhabitants of Ada Kaleh used to chop it three times until it became a smooth paste. After three days they used to fill the intestines with the meat and shaped it into a horseshoe. Spread the horseshoes onto a papersheet for two days, after that hang them to dry. After three days they sting and form the meat into the form of horseshoe. Then leave it to dry for another 10 days.

Koprıva boranısı (Nettle with yoghurt), specific recipe of the Turks from Ada Kaleh island

Mahinur Apostol, former inhabitant of the island.

Ingredients:

400 gr nettle, 2 tablespoons of flour, 5 cloves of garlic, yoghurt, salt, pepper.

Instructions:

Wash the nettle and boil it for 15 minutes. Saute the flour in hot oil until you it’s roasted. Add the nettle and the broth to the roasted flour. Crush the garlic in a bowl and add a big cup of yoghurt. Pour the sauce over the nettle, add heated oil and pepper on the top.

Kabak/ Boiled pumpkin

Ingredients:

500 gr pumpkin, 200 gr sugar, 200 gr chopped nuts.

Instructions:

Clean and dice the pumpkin. Boil it in water. Boil the sugar separately with some of the boiling water used for the pumpkin. Pour the resulted syrup over the pumpkin and keep boiling. When the pumpkin absorbed the water and becomes soft, sprinkle and nuts over the top and put in the owen for 15 minutes. Serve cold.

Peynirli yoğurtulu lokum (donuts with yoghurt and cheese), specific recipe of the Turks from Ada Kaleh island

Mahinur Apostol, former inhabitant of the island.

Ingredients:

400 gr of sour yoghurt, pinch of salt, 500 gr of telemea cheese (specific Romanian cheese made of sheep’s milk), 1 and ½ teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate with a little vinegar and flour as much as needed for a soft dough.

Instructions:

Mix all the ingredients, except for the cheese, which will be added at the end. When you added the cheese as well, rest the dough for 15 minutes.  Roll the dough into thick rolls and cut them into finger-sized pieces. Twist and fry the pieces in oil, at small heat so it does not remain raw in the middle. Serve with ayran.

Jöle Ada Kaleh /Jelly.

Mahinur Apostol, former inhabitant of the island.

Ingredients:

One large plum compote, sugar, lemonjuice or lemonsalt, starch and food coloring.

Instructions: in one liter of cold compote (juice and fruits) mix one cup of sugar, a pinch of starch, a pinch of lemonsalt or lemonjuice  and red food coloring. You can add rose petals. Put it to boil. After it starts to boil, remove it from the heat and portion it into small bowls. Leave it for a few hours to congeal well.

Șeker / Lollipops.

Ingredients:

1 kg of sugar, 250 ml water, 2 tablespoons of vinegar, optional food coloring, cocoa or chopped nuts.

Instructions:

Boil the sugar, the water and the vinegar in a pan. Leave it to boil until it thickens and you get air bubbles. Remove it from the heat and pour it on a big piece of marble. When it becomes viscous, bring the edges towarsd the middle and stretch it. Put a previously disinfected 20 cm long spike into a vertical surface. Put a melamined piece of wood between the vertical surface and the spike. Hang the composition on the spike and stretch roughly it until it becomes matte. If you want to have two coloured lollipops, break off an apple sized piece and mix the food coloring in.

You can shape the lollipops in any way. It is important to remember that the whole process has to be done quickly in order to avoid the early hardening of the composition.

Serve cold.

Baklava / Baklavas.

Ingredients:

  • 1 egg,
  • one eggshell filled with oil,
  • 4 tablespoons of yoghurt,
  • a pinch of salt,
  • flour as much as needed,
  • 50 gr nuts.

For the syrup:

  • 600 gr of sugar,
  • 2 glassses of water,
  • 1 vanilla sugar,
  • the juice of a half of a lemon.

Instructions:

Make a dough and then form small balls from it. Stretch each ball until you get a thin sheet, make sure the sheet is not to wide. The smaller the sheets are, the better in order to have much smaller and delicate baklavas. When you have streched at least three sheets you can start the assembling. Grease the first sheet with warm oil, put the second sheet on the top of it and grease again, do the same with the third layer. Once you have the three layers, wrap form both sides towards the middle and you will get a rectangle. By folding again you will get a square. Add the finely chopped nuts in the four corners of the square. Once you added the nuts, start forming triangles by folding the corners of the square. When finished folding, cut the triangles with a knife (you should get 4 triangles) and put them into a tray. Put them in the owen. Once they are browned, take them out from owen and let them cool. Boil the syrup in a pan: two glasses of water, with the sugar, the vanilla sugar and the lemonjuice. Boil the syrup until thickened then pour over the baklavas. Sprinkle lemon zest or pistachio over the baclavas.

Manti.

Ingredients:

Filling:

  • 300 gr of beef mincemeat,
  • salt,
  • pepper,
  • 1 tablespoon oil

Dough:

  • 3 eggs,
  • 1 cup of water,
  • one pinch of salt,
  • flour as much as needed

Instructions:

Sieve flour into a bowl, add the eggs, water, salt and knead the dough until you get a hard dough. Divide the dough in four equal parts and roll them into balls. Stretch the dough until its thin as needed for homemade noodles. After streching the sheet cut it into smaller squares and add the meat in the middle. Do not exagerate with the meat, as you have to fold the dough. First fold in triangles and bind the edges. Stick the corners of the triangle and form a dumpling. Meanwhile put water with salt to brew. When the water is boilig, add the dumplings and continue to boil for 5-8 minutes and then put them into a bowl. While boiling add a cup of cold water into the hot water, this should prevent the dough from dropping. Pour a little oil or add a piece of butter over the dumplings. In a separate bowl smash two cloves of garlic with salt and mix with yoghurt.

Lay the yoghurt over the dumplings and serve cold or warm. You can add minth leaves or parsley and sprinkle red/chilli pepper over the top.

Pide.

Ingredients:

Dough:

  • 3 cups of flour
  • 1 cube of yeast
  • 1 small cup of milk
  • 1 teaspoon sugar
  • spoon edge of salt
  • 1 small cup of oil
  • 1 egg
  • 1 cup of water

Filling:

  • 200 gr mincemeat
  • one onion
  • two clowes of garlic
  • 2 tablespoons of oil
  • 100 gr of grated cheese
  • 1 egg

Instructions:

Dough:

Sieve flour into o bowl. Make a well un the middle and add the salt, sugar, milk, yeast, the egg, the oil and the lukewarm water. Knead until you get a soft, smooth dough. Cover with a napkin and leave it to rise. When it doubled its size, cut and roll the dough into small pieces, of the size of an egg. On a lightly floured surface, stretch the ball dough into oval shapes.  Place the little boats in the oiled owen tray. Put the filling inside the boats.

Filling:

Chop the onion and saute it in oil. Add the ground meat and season it with salt, pepper, thyme and greenery. Add the chopped garlic and suate a little bit. Add the filling into each boat and grease the edge with eggyolk. Bake for 25 minutes at 180C. At the top add chopped parsley and an egg. As filling you can use vegetables, mushrooms, cheese, cold meats or meat.

Yufka.

Ingredients:

  • poultry meat, water.

Dough:

  • 4 eggs,
  • one cup of water,
  • pinch of salt,
  • 1 kg flour

Instructions:

Clean the poultry meat and boil it until the meat falls off the bones. Take the meat out of the broth, put aside and keep the broth for later. Put half of the flour into a bowl, crack in the 4 eggs, put one cup of water and a pinch of salt. Knead the dough until elastic. Cut and roll the dough into small balls then stretch into thin layers of aprox. 30 cm. Bake the sheets in a round tray at small heat. Put one sheet on the top of the other so one side of each sheed would be baking directly on the fire while the other side from the heat of the other sheets.

After baking the sheets, tear them in small pieces which fit in the pot. Heat the broth and add the pieces of the baked sheets. After soaked, take the sheets out and put them aside into a tray or plate. On top of them put the boiled meat and put the whole tray in the owen for 10-15 minutes.

Serve it cold or warm.

Bazlama.

Bazlama, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Çörek.

Çörek, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Katıklı Gözleme.

Katıklı Gözleme, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Kürdan Böreği.

Kürdan Böreği, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Patatesli sariburma.

Patatesli sariburma, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Saç Pidesi.

Saç Pidesi, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Sariburma.

Sariburma, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Sarikli.

Sarikli, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Soğanlı kolaç.

Soğanlı kolaç, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Sarmals de Kına Gecesi.

Preparing sarmals during the Kına Gecesi ceremony, in Tulcea, 16th of October 2014. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Yaprak sarmasi.

Yaprak sarmasi, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Revani.

Revani, locality of Ciucurova, Tulcea county, 13th of March 2012. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Sarailie.

Sarailie, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.

Tulumba.

Tulumba, Turkish Cookery Festival, organized in Tulcea, 30th of September 2017. Photographer:  dr. Iuliana Titov and dr. Alexandru Chiselev,  Museum of Etnographic and Folk Art from Tulcea – Instutute of Eco-Museal Research “Gavrilă Simion”.